|
The
purpose
of
this
glossary
is
provide
a
quick
reference
for
terms
that
may
appear
on
this
website,
linked
websites
or
other
sources
of
information
pertaining
to
Greenways,
streams
etc.
The
following
definitions
are
primarily
drawn
form
the
glossaries
in
two
publications.
Bold
words
followed
by
a
hyphen
(-)
are
borrowed
from
the
glossary
found
in
the
Adopt
a
Stream
Manual.
Bold
words
followed
by
a
semicolon
(:)
are
borrowed
from
the
glossary
in
the
Seine
River
Greenway
Study.
Please
note
the
following
web
glossary
does
not
present
the
complete
glossaries
found
in
either
source.
Words
that
are
underlined
are
derived
from
other
sources
and
have
been
added
to
augment
the
usefulness
of
this
resource.
If
there
are
words
and
definitions
you
would
like
to
see
included
in
this
glossary
please
contact
SOS
be
email
through
the
contact
page
on
this
website.
The
reader
should
not
consider
these
definitions
complete,
and
their
meanings
relied
upon,
without
proper
verification
from
other
reliable
sources.
Adaptation
-
any
characteristic
which
has
developed
to
improve
a
species'
chance
of
survival
in
a
particular
habitat
and
is
passed
on
genetically
to
subsequent
generations
Algae
-
simple
photosynthetic
plants
which
do
not
create
seeds
Algal
bloom
-
a
heavy
growth
of
algae
in
or
on
a
body
of
water
as
a
result
of
high
phosphate
concentrations
(usually
caused
by
fertilizers
and/or
detergents)
Aquatic
-
found
in
or
upon
water;
may
refer
to
organisms
which
inhabit
a
water
environment
Bar
-
silt,
sand
or
gravel
deposited
on
the
inside
of
a
stream
meander
or
between
the
channels
of
a
braided
stream
Benthic
-
pertaining
to
the
bottom
of
the
water
or
streambed
Buffering
strip
-
a
strip
of
land
along
a
stream
bank
left
in
its
original
condition
i.e.
not
farmed,
harvested
for
timber
etc.
C
Carrying
Capacity:
capacity
of
a
site
to
support
a
use
without
substantial
negative
impact
on
environmental
features
such
as
water
quality,
natural
vegetation,
soil,
wildlife
population
and
visual
attractiveness.
Channel
-
the
bed
of
a
running
stream,
river
etc
Community
-
the
plants
and
animals
that
interact
in
a
particular
habitat
e.g.
stream
community,
riparian
community
Conditioning
-
change
in
an
organism
in
response
to
environmental
conditions;
these
changes
help
the
organism
survive
Conduits
area
areas
in
the
landscape
along
which
water,
animals,
plants,
and
people
move
Conservation:
the
wise
management
of
the
environment
in
a
way
which
will
maintain,
restore,
enhance
and
protect
its
quality
and
quantity
for
sustained
benefit
to
humans
and
the
environment.
Contaminant
-
substance
which
negatively
affects
the
purity
of
water,
air,
etc
Corridors:
a
naturally
existing
linear
feature
that
differs
from
the
matrix
on
either
side.
It
usually
has
concave
boundaries
rather
than
the
straight
lines
as
in
a
network.
An
advantage
of
corridors
is
that
it
can
facilitate
migration
and
gene
exchange
among
species.
An
example
of
a
corridor
which
is
evident
in
southern
Manitoba,
is
a
river
corridor
which
is
surrounded
by
an
agricultural
matrix
on
either
side.
Cover
-
overhanging
or
in
stream
structures
such
as
roots,
undercut
stream
banks,
boulders
that
offer
protection
from
predators
or
shelter
from
strong
currents
Cultural
Landscape:
a
cultural
landscape
is
a
product
of
human
activity
over
time
modifying
the
landscape
for
their
own
purpose,
and
is
an
aggregation
of
human-made
features
such
as
a
village,
farmland,
waterways,
transportation
corridors,
and
other
artifacts.
Current
-
velocity
of
flow
measured
in
metres/second
Dam
-
a
structure
built
to
hold
back
flowing
water
Decomposer
-
a
stream
organism
such
as
a
bacterium
or
fungus
which
degrades
dead
organic
matter
Density:
typically
refers
to
the
measurement
of
a
population,
which
in
simple
terms,
is
the
number
present
within
a
unit
of
area.
This
may
be
a
poor
measure
because
the
size
of
some
plant
species
may
be
more
important
in
terms
of
density
rather
than
the
number
of
that
species
in
that
area.
Developer:
a
person
or
company
who
coordinates
the
ownership,
financing,
designing,
and
other
activities
necessary
to
bring
about
subdivision
and
construction
of
infrastructure
on
land
for
a
new
purpose,
generally
residential,
commercial,
or
industrial
use.
Development:
the
actions
taken
to
acquire
a
zoning
permit,
special-use
permit,
conditional-use
permit,
or
sign
permit.
Also
refers
to
land
that
has
been
cleared
or
that
has
had
residential,
commercial,
or
business
structures
erected
on
it.
Discharge
-
the
amount
of
water
flowing
past
a
given
point
in
a
stream,
measured
in
cubic
metres/second
Dissolved
Oxygen
-
oxygen
dissolved
in
water;
it
is
essential
for
plant
and
animal
growth
Diversity:
there
are
two
aspects
of
diversity
which
are
species
richness
(the
number
of
different
species
in
a
community)
and
species
equitability
(relative
distribution
of
the
numbers
of
species).
Each
should
be
considered
in
determining
diversity
as
the
value
of
each
aspect
may
contradict
each
other.
Easement:
written
authorization
by
a
property
owner
for
the
use
of
a
designated
part
of
the
property
by
another
or
others
for
a
specified
purpose,
such
as
recreation
or
running
utility
lines.
Ecology:
the
study
of
interactions
between
an
individual
and
its
environment
Ecosystem:
a
community
of
organisms
(animal
and
plants)
functioning
and
interacting
together
in
their
physical
environment
(air,
water,
minerals,
etc.).
Edge
Habitat
an
area
of
transition
between
two
types
of
land
cover
(habitat)
Usually
surrounds
a
natural
area
due
to
fragmentation
Edge
Effect
A
habitat's
edge,
created
by
clearing
vegetation
(road
or
field)
increases
the
penetration
of
wind
and
light
up
to
35
-
100
feet
into
a
forest,
and
allows
penetration
of
'edge
species'
like
predators,
1,000
-
2,000
feet
into
a
forest.
This
effect
alters
the
habitat
quality
and
suitability
for
some
native
species.
Effluent
-
waste
liquid
flowing
into
a
body
of
water
from
a
sewage
treatment
plant.
Industrial
plant,
etc.
Eminent
domain:
the
right
of
a
government
unity
to
take
private
property
for
public
use,
with
appropriate
compensation
to
the
owner.
Enhancement
Areas
are
areas
where
a
lack
of
a
natural
understory
was
observed
but
a
native
tree
canopy
still
existed
Environment
-
the
combination
of
physical,
chemical
and
biological
factors
which
are
present
in
a
particular
area
Environmental
Impact:
the
net
change
(positive
or
negative)
in
human
health
and
the
condition
of
the
environment
that
results
from
actions,
activities
or
developments.
Environmentally
Sound:
the
maintenance
of
a
healthy
environment
and
the
protection
of
life-sustaining
ecological
processes.
It
is
based
on
thorough
knowledge
and
requires
or
will
result
in
products,
manufacturing
processes,
developments,
etc.
which
are
in
harmony
with
essential
ecological
processes
and
human
health.
Environmentally
sensitive:
areas
so
designated
include
wetlands,
steep
slopes,
waterways,
underground
water
recharge
areas,
shores,
natural
plant
and
animal
habitats,
and
other
land
forms
that
are
easily
disturbed
by
development.
Ephemeral
stream
-
a
stream
channel
which
only
carries
water
during
and
immediately
after
periods
of
rainfall
or
snowmelt
Erosion
-
a
wearing
away
of
the
earth's
surface
by
ice,
wind,
water,
etc.
Eutrophication
-
increase
in
nutrient
levels;
this
may
be
a
natural
process,
but
if
it
is
excessive
can
cause
deterioration
in
water
quality
since
it
can
result
in
algal
blooms,
etc.
If
caused
by
human
action
it
may
be
referred
to
as
cultural
eutrophication
F
Fauna
-
the
animal
life
characterizing
a
specific
geographic
region
or
environment
Fish
Habitat:
the
spawning
grounds
and
nursery,
rearing,
food
supply,
and
migration
areas
on
which
fish
depend,
directly
or
indirectly,
in
order
to
carry
out
their
life
processes.
Flood
Plain:
the
area,
usually
lowlands,
adjoining
a
water
course
which
has
been,
or
may
be
covered
by
flood
water.
Flora
-
the
plant
life
characterizing
a
specific
geographic
region
or
environment
Food
chain
-
sequence
of
organisms
through
which
food
energy
is
passed
e.g.
plants
-
mice
-
owls;
plants
-
hares
-
lynx
Fragmentation
dividing
a
natural
area
into
fragments,
creating
a
barrier
for
the
movement
of
wildlife.
Reduced
natural
spaces
can
harm
some
species
that
require
large
areas
for
habitat.
Also
creates
'Edge'
Habitat
and
resultant
Edge
effects.
Goal(s):
desired
future
result(s).
Goals
in
combination
with
an
organization's
mandate
define
its
activities
and
work
(roles).
Gradient
-
the
slope
of
a
stream
bed
Greenway:
linear
open
space
connecting
parks,
nature
preserves,
and
cultural
and
historical
sites
with
each
other,
and
with
developed,
populated
areas.
The
greenway
may
contain
formal
elements
to
provide
alternative
transportation
routes
for
pedestrians
and
bicyclists,
or
it
may
be
total
undeveloped.
Ground
water
-
water
that
sinks
into
the
soil
and
collects
in
a
permeable
soil
layer
above
an
impermeable
rock
layer;
under
suitable
conditions
it
can
flow
underground
toward
a
stream,
lake
or
ocean
Habitat:
a
place
where
an
organism
lives.
The
total
requirement
of
plants
and
animals
to
sustain
their
species,
including
food,
light
heat,
cover,
water,
and
opportunities
for
breeding
replacement
individuals
of
the
population.
Headwaters
-
small
rills
and
creeks
at
the
uppermost
end
of
a
stream
system;
the
origin
of
a
stream
Herbicide
-
substance
used
to
control
unwanted
plants
Heritage
Property:
features
in
or
on
the
land
or
underwater
and
considered
to
be
a
consultable
record
of
past
human
activities,
endeavours
or
events
(e.g.
buildings,
street
furniture,
engineering
works,
planting
and
archaeological
sites).
Heritage
Tree
Status
is
defined
as
trees
with
the
potential
to
be
given
heritage
tree
status.
Candidates
were
selected
because
they
represented
extraordinary
examples
of
a
particular
tree
type.
Features
used
to
select
a
tree
include
overall
size
and
age.
Hydrological
cycle
(water
cycle)
-
cycle
in
which
water
falls,
runs
off
in
rivers,
lakes,
oceans,
etc
and
re-enters
the
atmosphere
through
evaporation
Insecticide
-
substance
used
to
kill
insects
Interjurisdictional:
involving
more
than
one
authority
or
level
of
authority,
eg.
Issues,
responsibilities,
activities
which
require
the
participation
of
the
provincial
and
federal
government,
provincial
and
municipal
government,
provincial
and
a
foreign
government
and
between
departments
of
the
same
government.
Intermittent
stream
-
stream
which
carries
water
a
considerable
portion
of
the
time
but
which
ceases
to
flow
occasionally
or
seasonally
because
bed
seepage
and
evaporation
exceed
available
water
supply
Introduced:
species
or
habitat
created
or
transported
by
people
or
their
activities.
Inventory:
a
survey
of
selected
natural
resources
not
necessarily
including
an
assessment.
Invertebrate
-
animal
without
a
backbone
e.g.
insect,
shellfish
Land
Acquisition:
lands
to
be
purchased
or
leased
normally
on
an
opportunity
basis,
and
lands
that
can
be
acquired
through
donation,
credit
reserve
or
any
other
manner.
Lands
being
used
for
agricultural
purposes,
that
are
periodically
"soaked"
or
"wet",
are
not
considered
to
be
Wetlands
in
this
definition.
Such
lands,
whether
or
not
they
were
Wetlands
at
one
time
are
considered
to
have
been
converted
to
alternate
uses.
Landfill
site
-
location
designated
for
the
disposal
of
solid
waste
Larva
(pl.
larvae)
-
stage
which
hatches
from
an
egg
in
life
cycle
of
insect
species
with
4
stages
in
their
life
cycles;
it
advances
to
the
pupa
stage
Leaching
-
the
dissolving
of
materials
into
water
as
it
filters
through
the
soil,
sand,
etc.
Life
Cycle
-
progressive
series
of
changes
undergone
by
an
organism
from
fertilization
to
death
Life
Cycle
[Costing,
Costs]:
the
life
(total
accumulated
economic,
environmental
and
social
costs)
of
a
product,
or
facility
including
all
stages
in
its
production,
manufacture,
distribution,
consumption,
reuse
and
eventual
disposal.
Meander
-
the
curved
pattern
of
a
stream
channel
Meandering
-
the
process
by
which
a
stream
winds
or
snakes
its
way
across
a
floodplain,
continually
changing
its
course
by
erosion
and
by
the
transportation
and
deposition
of
sediment
Metabolism
-
chemical
processes
within
an
organism,
including
respiration,
conversion
of
food
to
energy
Microhabitat
-
a
small
specialized
area
which
differs
significantly
in
some
way
from
the
area
around
it
Microorganism
-
microscopically
small
organism;
unicellular
plant,
animal
or
bacterium
Migrate
-
to
move
from
one
place
to
another
e.g.
many
fish
species
migrate
to
a
different
habitat
to
spawn
Mitigation:
techniques
or
requirements
(eg.
Conditions
of
development
approval)
aimed
at
reducing
or
neutralizing
identified
negative
environmental,
economic
or
social
effects
of
a
proposed
activity,
policy
or
development.
Mitigation
can
include
repair,
replacement,
cleanup,
reconstruction
or
other
methods
to
restore
conditions
to
their
previous
undisturbed
state.
Native:
species
of
animals
or
plants
that
have
not
been
introduced
by
people
or
their
direct
activities
Natural:
ecological
processes
that
are
relatively
unchanged
by
humans
Nymph
-
intermediate
stage
between
egg
and
adult
in
life
cycle
of
insect
species
with
3
stages
in
their
life
cycle
On-Street
Trail:
an
officially-designated
route
which
is
part
of
a
network
of
trials
that
occur
on
existing
roadways.
An
on-street
trail
may
be
a
shared
roadway
or
include
additional
paving
width,
striping,
or
signing
for
the
exclusive
use
of
bicycles.
Open
Space:
undeveloped
or
mostly
undeveloped
land,
especially
within
an
urbanized
region,
serves
as
a
buffer
between
densely
developed
parcels.
Organic
matter
-
matter
which
originates
from
a
living
source.
It
may
form
from
plant
or
animal
sources
e.g.
dead
leaves,
sewage
Oxbow
-
wetland
area
originally
formed
by
a
closely
looping
U-shaped
stream
meander;
it
is
no
longer
connected
to
the
main
stream
Parameter
-
a
variable
such
as
temperature,
dissolved
oxygen
or
fish
population
which
can
be
measured
in
a
survey
or
sampling
procedure
Parkway
is
an
open
space
connector
linking
parks,
nature
reserves,
cultural
features
or
historic
sites
with
each
other
and
with
populated
areas.
Partnership:
a
relationship
that
exists
between
parties
having
specified
and
joint
rights
and
responsibilities.
Patch
or
Habitat
Patches
are
landscapes
containing
communities
or
species
groups
surrounded
by
a
landscape
of
different
structure
or
composition.
An
example
would
be
Central
Park
in
New
York
as
a
patch
that
is
surrounded
by
buildings
and
pavement.
Percolate
-
to
pass
a
liquid
slowly
through
small
spaces;
to
drain
through
Pesticide
-
substance
used
to
control
or
kill
pests
such
as
weeds
or
insects
pH
-
measure
of
acidity
on
a
scale
of
1
-
14,
determined
by
the
concentration
of
hydrogen
ions;
pH
7
is
neutral;
values
below
7
are
acid;
above
are
alkaline
Photosynthesis
-
process
in
green
plants
whereby
energy
from
the
sun
is
used
to
convert
carbon
dioxide
and
water
into
carbohydrates,
a
form
of
chemical
energy
which
can
be
used
for
food
by
many
organisms.
The
process
releases
oxygen
Plankton
-
microscopic
free-floating
or
suspended
plants
and
animals
which
inhabit
an
aquatic
environment
and
are
used
as
food
by
some
fish
species
Poikilothermic
-
refers
to
an
organism
whose
body
temperature
is
near
that
of
its
surroundings;
often
referred
to
as
cold-blooded
Pollutant
-
a
substance
which
negatively
affects
the
purity
of
some
component
of
the
environment
such
as
air
or
water
Pool
-
area
of
relatively
deep
slow-moving
water
in
a
stream,
often
at
the
outside
of
a
bend
Population
-
the
individuals
of
a
particular
species
living
in
a
given
area
Predator
-
organism
[introduced
or
native]
which
attacks
another,
usually
to
feed
on
it
Preservation:
the
maintenance
of
natural
or
cultural
heritage
features
in
their
current
or
original
form,
and
the
maintenance
of
the
natural
environment
to
allow
natural
processes
to
continue
undisturbed
by
human
intervention.
While
preservation
is
often
used
interchangeable
with
"conservation,"
the
latter
differs
by
implying
the
prudent
use
of
a
resources.
Protection:
ensuring
that
human
activities
are
now
allowed
to
occur
which
will
result
in
the
unacceptable
degradation
of
the
quality
of
an
environment.
Pupa
-
the
inactive
intermediate
stage
in
the
life
cycle
of
some
insect
species;
it
occurs
between
the
larva
and
adult
and
is
enclosed
in
a
hardened
cuticle
or
cocoon
Raptor
-
bird
which
captures
prey
e.g.
hawk,
owl
Reclamation
-
restoration
of
land
after
development
so
that
it
is
returned
to
a
level
of
productivity
near
to
its
original
state
Reforestation
-
planting
and
establishment
of
tree
seedlings
following
removal
of
original
tree
growth
Regulations:
those
enforceable
rules
of
the
municipality
and
part
of
the
zoning
code
which
states,
for
example,
the
exact
footage
of
setbacks,
or
the
height
of
dwelling
units,
or
the
width
of
streets.
Restoration:
the
efforts
to
restore
a
disturbed
site
to
near
its
natural
and
native
condition
Regulated
watershed
-
drainage
area
in
which
at
least
some
of
the
streams
are
regulated
by
flow-control
mechanisms
such
as
dams
and
weirs
Respiration
-
chemical
reactions
from
which
an
organism
derives
energy.
In
aerobic
organisms,
respiration
requires
oxygen
and
gives
off
carbon
dioxide
Riffle
-
a
shallow
gravelly
portion
of
streambed
with
swift
current,
used
for
spawning
beds
by
many
fish
species;
the
most
productive
area
of
a
stream
Rill
-
a
shallow
furrow
eroded
into
the
soil
by
runoff
water
Riparian:
the
waters
edge
or
ecotone
between
the
aquatic
and
upland
ecosystem
(includes
the
waterway,
its
flood
plain,
its
banks
and
immediate
uplands)
Riparian
Zone
is
defined
as
the
area
surrounding
a
stream
or
river
and
is
composed
of
the
stream,
its
flat
plain,
the
steeper
banks,
and
the
uplands
which
are
often
wooded.
River
Corridor:
the
band
of
vegetation
along
a
river
that
differs
from
the
surrounding
environment
Rip-Rap
-
a
foundation
or
wall
made
of
broken
rock
or
logs
Rivulet
-
a
small
stream
Runoff
-
water
which
drains
from
the
surface
of
the
land
into
a
body
of
water
Scouring
-
gradual
or
rapid
erosion
of
particles
from
the
channel
walls
or
bed
caused
by
a
concentration
of
the
current
Sediment
-
fine
soil
or
mineral
particles
Sedimentation
(siltation)
-
deposition
of
fine
sediments
which
can
cause
clogging
of
gravel
beds
Slash
-
waste
from
forestry
operations
e.g.
brush,
branches,
etc
Spawn
-
to
deposit
and
fertilize
fish
eggs
Species:
a
genetically
distinctive
group
of
natural
populations
that
share
a
common
gene
pool
that
are
reproductively
isolated
from
all
other
such
groups.
Stability:
a
community
is
considered
stable
if
it
can
recover
from
a
disturbance
i.e.
a
fire.
There
are
two
terms
often
associated
with
stability,
which
are
resistance
and
resilience.
The
former
refers
to
the
ability
to
resist
change
in
the
face
of
external
stresses.
A
tropical
rain
forest,
because
of
its
high
species
diversity,
has
a
high
resistance.
The
tundra
is
considered
low
resistance.
However,
resilience
refers
to
the
ability
to
re-establish
itself
after
the
disturbance.
The
tundra
has
a
high
resilience
because
it
generally
has
a
low
number
of
species
(and
often
low
biomass)
but
most
of
these
species
have
a
high
reproductive
capacity.
The
rain
forest
has
a
low
resilience
because
it
is
very
difficult
to
re-build
such
a
complex
system.
Stagnant
-
not
moving
or
flowing
Stakeholder
[Participation,
Involvement]:
individuals,
groups
or
businesses
that
are
interested,
involved
or
affected
by
a
particular
action
or
activity.
Stewardship - a land ethic where
people care for our land, air and water as parts of a natural
system, and in a way that sustains and enhances it for generations
to come.
Storm drain (storm sewer) - system
of gutters, pipes and ditches used to carry away storm water runoff.
Stormwater
runoff
-
surface
water
that
washes
off
land
after
a
rainstorm;
in
developed
areas,
rather
than
being
allowed
to
drain
into
the
soil,
water
flows
off
roofs
and
pavement
into
storm
drains
which
feed
directly
into
a
stream
or
river.
Sustainable
Development:
A
general
philosophy,
ethic
and
an
approach
to
guide
individual
and
collective
behaviour
in
respect
of
the
environment
-
where
we
live
-
(the
life
sustaining
processes
of
the
earth
and
its
natural
resources)
and
the
economy
-
what
we
do
-
(provision
of
jobs,
incomes
and
wealth)
resulting
from
economic
activity.
Stream
flow
-
the
discharge
of
water
at
any
given
time
Suspended
particulate
matter
-
fine
soil
or
mineral
particles
that
are
prevented
from
settling
out
by
the
movement
of
the
water,
they
create
turbidity
Thalweg
-
path
of
maximum
depth
in
a
river
or
streams;
this
normally
follows
a
meandering
pattern
back
and
forth
across
the
stream
Toxic
-
poisonous,
carcinogenic
or
otherwise
harmful
to
life
Turbidity
-
cloudiness;
usually
caused
by
fine
sediments
suspended
in
the
water;
it
is
measured
by
passing
light
through
a
sample
of
the
water
Turbulent
-
agitated
Velocity
-
rate
of
stream
flow
measured
in
metres/second
W
Watershed
-
entire
drainage
area
or
basin
feeding
a
stream
or
river;
includes
surface
water
and
groundwater
Watershed
Management:
the
analysis,
protection,
development,
operation
and
maintenance
of
the
land,
vegetation
and
water
resources
of
a
drainage
basin.
Water
table
-
the
upper
surface
of
the
groundwater;
the
level
below
which
the
soil
is
saturated
with
water
Weir
-
a
low
dam
built
in
a
stream
or
river
to
back
up
or
drain
water;
water
escapes
over
the
top
since
there
is
no
release
mechanism
at
the
bottom
of
the
reservoir
Wetlands:
lands
that
are
seasonally
or
permanently
covered
by
shallow
water,
as
well
as
lands
where
the
water
table
is
close
to
or
at
the
surface.
In
either
case
the
presence
of
abundant
water
has
caused
the
formation
of
hydric
soils
and
have
favoured
the
dominance
of
either
hydrophytic
or
water
tolerant
plants.
The
four
major
types
of
wetlands
are
swamps,
marshes,
bogs,
and
fens.
Wildlife
Habitat:
areas
of
the
natural
environment
where
plants,
animals,
and
other
organisms,
excluding
fish,
survive
in
self-sustaining
populations,
and
from
which
they
derive
services
such
as
cover,
protection
or
food.
Wildlife
Management:
the
management
of
wildlife
habitats
for
the
purposes
of
sustaining
the
quality
and
quantity
of
wildlife.
Winterkill
-
death
of
aquatic
organisms
during
the
winter
caused
by
lack
of
dissolved
oxygen
in
the
water
Zoning
permit:
a
permit
issued
by
the
land-use
administrator
that
authorizes
the
recipient
to
make
use
of
property
in
accord
with
requirements
of
the
Zoning
Code.
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